Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, was a polymath with many interests and accomplishments. While best known for his political career and role in drafting the Declaration of Independence, he also significantly contributed to science, architecture, and technology. Here are some notable inventions and innovations associated with Thomas Jefferson:

1. Jefferson's Polygraph: Jefferson designed and improved a mechanical device called the polygraph, a copying machine. The polygraph made duplicate copies of handwritten letters as the writer wrote them, allowing Jefferson to keep copies of his correspondence.

2. The Jefferson Disk Cipher: Jefferson invented a cipher system known as the Jefferson Disk Cipher. This device consisted of wooden or metal disks with inscribed alphabet letters. By aligning the disks in a specific way, messages could be encoded and decoded.

3. Swivel Chair: Although the exact origins of the swivel chair are debated, Thomas Jefferson is often credited with popularizing this type of chair in the United States. He used a revolving chair in his Cabinet meetings, making it easier for him to consult with multiple members.

4. Moldboard Plow: Jefferson was interested in improving agricultural practices and experimented with various farming implements. He introduced the moldboard plow, an improved version of the traditional plow, which was more efficient at turning soil and played a crucial role in expanding agriculture in the United States.

5. Wheel Cipher: Jefferson developed a wheel cipher system similar to the Jefferson Disk Cipher. It involved rotating discs with letters and numbers to encrypt and decrypt messages. The United States Army used this cipher during the early 20th century.

6. Automated Mechanical Reaper: While not an invention per se, Jefferson championed the development of a mechanical reaper to improve agricultural productivity. He wrote about the importance of mechanized farming and believed it could transform the economy.

7. Macaroni Machine: Jefferson is often mistakenly credited with inventing the macaroni machine, but he did play a role in popularizing pasta in the United States. He encountered pasta during his time in Europe and introduced it to the American diet, but the actual invention of the pasta-making machine is attributed to others.

It is worth noting that while Jefferson contributed to various inventions and innovations, he did not necessarily invent them from scratch. He often improved existing designs or championed ideas that were already in development.